IL-33/ST2 axis in systemic lupus erythematosus in relation to chronic kidney injury and disease activity

AIM: To elucidate the association between chronic kidney injury and interleukin-33 (IL-33; an alarmin)/suppression of tumorigencity 2 (ST2) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).METHODS: Serum levels of IL-33 and soluble ST2 (sST2) were assessed by ELISA in 50 SLE patients and 30 healthy controls (HC).RESULTS: The levels of IL-33 and sST2, and IL-33/sST2 ratio were significantly higher in SLE patients than those in the HC. The IL-33 and sST2 levels were positively associated with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), proteinuria and triglyceride, but negatively associated with complement C3. IL-33/sST2 ratio was positively associated with SLEDAI and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Independent explanatory variables associated with high IL-33/sST2 included chronic kidney disease (CKD) staging and albumin (R²=0.442), especially CKD staging.CONCLUSION: Elevated serum sST2 and IL-33 levels in SLE patients are correlated with disease activity and risk factors of kidney injury. IL-33/sST2 ratio may serve as a potential biomarker for chronic kidney injury in SLE patients.     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟物对氧化应激IPEC-J2细胞抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在探究在H₂O₂诱导的氧化应激状态下，超氧化物歧化酶模拟物（SODm）对仔猪空肠上皮细胞系（IPEC-J2）的保护作用。利用MTT法筛选出构建氧化应激模型H₂O₂的适宜浓度；将IPEC-J2细胞分别用0、0.05、0.5、5、50、500、2 000 U/mL SODm进行培养，利用MTT法分别在2、4、8、12 h时测定各组细胞存活率，筛选出SODm作用的适宜浓度和时间；根据构建的氧化应激模型和SODm适宜浓度和时间，将IPEC-J2细胞随机分为空白组、模型组、SODm处理组（SODm_0.5、SODm₅、SODm₅₀）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）处理组（SOD_0.5、SOD₅、SOD₅₀），分别测定各组细胞存活率、活性氧（ROS）含量及细胞内SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。结果表明：①H₂O₂构建细胞氧化应激模型的适宜浓度是1.0 mmol/mL。②当不同浓度SODm分别作用4、8、12 h时，0.5~50 U/mL SODm组细胞存活率显著高于空白组（P<0.05）；且8 h时存活率最高，在12 h时处于下降趋势。③除空白组外，SODm₅和SOD₅预处理的IPEC-J2存活率显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；且SODm和SOD组中细胞ROS含量显著低于模型组（P<0.05）；模型组与空白组相比，均显著降低了SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平，提高了MDA含量（P<0.05）；与模型组相比，所有SODm和SOD处理组均显著提高了SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平，降低了MDA含量（P<0.05），同时SODm₅₀组T-AOC水平显著低于SOD₅₀组（P<0.05）。综上，SODm对H₂O₂诱导氧化损伤状态下IPEC-J2具有保护作用。     

Comparative analysis of different methods revealing the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds

Seed longevity is a very important characteristic controlling seed quality. However, the mechanism underlying this characteristic is poorly understood. In this study, 'FH7185', a storable rice variety, the germination rate of which was 66.63%, much higher than the control after artificial ageing under relative humidity 88% and 42°C for 21 days. Different methods were applied to reveal the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds. In total, 35 differential proteins were identified from 2D‐PAGE, and 3,719 proteins from iTRAQ analysis. A comparison of these two methods showed that not all protein types could be detected on the 2D‐PAGE gels, and the dynamic range was somewhat limited. So the comprehensive proteome map from the iTRAQ analysis was used to identify the quantitatively regulated proteins that played roles in seed longevity, and found that the most marked change was the increased abundance of many metabolic enzymes, especially the ones involved in α‐linolenic acid metabolism in the embryos during ageing. OsLOX2 and OsLOX3 had a negative effect on seed longevity, which were lower in FH7185 than the control. The dehydrogenase (LOC_Os07g44430) which played a major catalytic role in lipid peroxidation, also changed significantly during ageing. Therefore, OsLOX2, OsLOX3 and Loc_OS 07G44430 may be involved in the regulation of seed longevity with a synergistic effect.     

番茄ShARPC5抗白粉病功能分析

【目的】白粉病（powdery mildew）是番茄生产上的重要病害,严重影响番茄的产量。番茄基因组测序工作的完成为抗病基因挖掘提供了重要的信息资源。ARP2/3（actin-related protein 2 and 3）复合体是肌动蛋白微丝骨架动力学的主要调控因子,能够参与包括响应外界胁迫等多种细胞学过程。本研究通过对番茄ARPC5（actin-related protein C5）进行克隆和抗病功能验证,为番茄基因组信息完善、抗病机制解析和分子育种等方面打下基础。【方法】从番茄LA1777（Solanum habrochaites）cDNA中PCR扩增ShARPC5,使用DNAMAN 6.0进行多序列比对;MEGA 6.0构建系统发育树;应用在线工具ProtComp v. 9.0进行亚细胞定位预测。利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）比较接种白粉菌（Oidium neolycopersici,On-Lz）后高感品种Moneymaker（MM）和高抗品种LA1777中番茄ARPC5的表达特征,分析白粉菌侵染与ARPC5表达的相关性。应用病毒诱导的基因沉默（virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS）技术进一步验证该基因在番茄中的抗病功能,观察沉默株和野生型株系接种后表型变化,利用台盼蓝和DAB染色法检测植株产生过敏性坏死和H₂O₂的能力,并检测ShARPC5沉默后一些与植物抗病相关标记基因的表达变化。采用农杆菌浸花法遗传转化拟南芥过表达ShARPC5植株,观察转基因和野生型株系接种后表型变化,并统计单病斑分生孢子数。【结果】从番茄品种LA1777中克隆到ShARPC5,编码132个氨基酸残基,包含一个保守的P16-Arc结构域。与番茄MM-白粉菌亲和互作相比,非亲和互作的番茄品种LA1777在接种白粉菌后,ShARPC5显著上调表达,尤其在接种后18 h。在番茄上沉默ShARPC5能够增加植株对白粉菌On-Lz的敏感性,防卫反应基因PR1b1显著下调表达。组织学观察显示与对照植株相比,ShARPC5沉默植株接种后诱导产生过敏性坏死和活性氧减少。在烟草上瞬时过表达ShARPC5能够诱导产生坏死斑。相反,在拟南芥上过表达ShARPC5能够增加植物的抗病性。【结论】ShARPC5是番茄响应白粉菌侵染的重要基因,可减轻番茄白粉病的发病程度,在番茄抗白粉病机理研究方面具有较大的应用价值,可作为番茄抗白粉病分子育种的一个候选基因。     

水稻粒宽突变体gw87的基因定位及候选基因分析

【目的】对水稻粒宽突变体gw87（grain width 87）进行表型鉴定、遗传分析、基因定位及候选基因分析,为探明该基因调控水稻籽粒大小的分子机制及应用潜力奠定基础。【方法】利用甲基磺酸乙酯诱变籼稻恢复系材料676R,获得一份籽粒宽度和千粒重显著增加的突变体gw87。对该突变体进行表型观察、农艺性状调查及外源油菜素内酯（BL）敏感性、叶绿素含量、光合参数测定,了解其表型特征及生理特性。调查gw87与676R杂交F₁的表型和F₂群体的分离情况,分析其遗传行为;选取该群体中的突变植株进行高通量测序,并利用gw87与粳稻品种日本晴杂交的F₂代作为定位群体,通过MutMap分析和分子标记定位,遴选候选基因并进行DNA和cDNA测序验证。利用qRT-PCR分析gw87和676R中BR合成途径基因OsDWARF4、D11和D2的表达差异。【结果】与野生型亲本676R相比,gw87突变体的株高降低,节间缩短,其中,倒一节间长度缩短最大,并呈现出扭曲的形态;叶片长度减少,宽度增加;单株有效穗数、主穗穗长和结实率显著降低,但籽粒宽度和千粒重显著增大。BL敏感性试验显示,gw87突变体幼苗对外源BL的敏感性降低。光合色素和光合参数测定表明,gw87光合色素含量增加,光合速率也有所增加。遗传分析表明gw87的突变性状是由1对隐性核基因控制。MutMap分析显示gw87突变基因位于第5染色体中部,在该染色体区域仅有1个碱基突变引起编码氨基酸变化;分子标记连锁分析表明该突变基因位于InDel标记X2和X3之间约101 kb的染色体区域;综合这两方面分析结果,最后遴选出gw87候选基因是编码一个含有AP2/EREBP DNA绑定结构域的转录因子基因LOC_Os05g32270。对该候选基因进行DNA和cDNA测序验证,发现gw87突变体中该基因DNA的第1 041位的碱基由G突变为A,导致与该位点相邻的76 bp内含子序列被剪接为外显子,引起阅读框移码,蛋白翻译提前终止。qRT-PCR分析显示gw87突变体中BR合成途径基因的表达量显著上调,表明gw87突变体中BR信号减弱。【结论】gw87是smos1、shb、rla1、ngr5的新等位突变体,但与这些突变体表型不同,gw87籽粒的宽度和千粒重显著增加,可能是LOC_Os05g32270的突变位点不同,导致其编码蛋白的功能活性不同所造成。     

太子参须提取物对鸭流感病毒体外试验初探

为尝试性探究太子参须提取物对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外生长的抑制作用,本文基于TCID50试验检测鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外感染不同处理组的MDCK细胞。结果表明,太子参须提取物高低剂量组(75%、25%)和黄芪多糖阳性对照组均对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外生长产生抑制,且太子参须提取物高剂量组(75%)的抑制作用最优。结论:太子参须提取物对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒在MDCK细胞上的体外增殖具有一定抑制作用,且呈相应剂量关系。     

干扰TP53INP2抑制牛成肌细胞分化

【背景】肌肉可以维持哺乳动物运动功能并调节机体代谢,它的数量和分布对肉质有重要影响,骨骼肌的生长发育及其遗传特性在很大程度上影响甚至决定家畜的产肉量和肉品质,研究骨骼肌的生长发育具有重要意义。TP53INP2对自噬的调控作用以及对前体脂肪细胞分化的调控机制已有研究,而对于牛成肌细胞分化的影响尚未报道。【目的】探究TP53INP2对秦川牛成肌细胞分化的影响,为肉牛肉用性状分子育种工作提供理论依据。【方法】利用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR）技术检测了TP53INP2在24月龄秦川牛不同组织中的表达特性,同时分析了其在体外培养的牛骨骼肌成肌细胞不同分化时期的表达规律;合成TP53INP2基因siRNA并转染秦川牛成肌细胞,转染后12h进行诱导分化,观察成肌细胞表型变化,并利用RT-qPCR技术和Western Blot技术分别检测其在诱导分化第四天时分化标志基因和蛋白的表达情况。【结果】1.RT-qPCR结果显示,TP53INP2在成年秦川牛背最长肌组织中表达量最高,在小肠组织中表达量最低。TP53INP2在成年牛心脏、肝脏、肾脏、网胃、瘤胃中表达量较高,在其余组织中表达量较低（与背最长肌相比）。2.随着成肌细胞的分化,该基因在第0—4天表达量呈上升趋势且在第4天达到峰值,随后表达量呈下降趋势。3.在成肌细胞中干扰TP53INP2后,试验组肌管的数量和长度均显著低于对照组。4.干扰TP53INP2并提取细胞总RNA,RT-qPCR结果显示,成肌细胞分化标志基因肌细胞生成素（MYOG）和肌球重链蛋白3（MYH3）相对于对照组表达量显著降低。5.干扰TP53INP2并提取细胞总蛋白,Western Blot结果显示,试验组MYOG、MYH3、MYOD的蛋白表达量均降低且与对照组相比差异极显著。【结论】干扰TP53INP2对牛成肌细胞的分化具有抑制作用,提示该基因可能对秦川牛肌肉组织的生长发育具有重要的调控作用,可对其进行深入的功能研究以期用于肉牛的分子育种实践中。     

Cultivar Specific Response of CO2 Fertilization on Two Tropical Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Cultivars: ROS Generation,Antioxidant Status,Physiology, Growth,Yield and Seed Quality

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO₂) is an important component of global climate change that will have a significant impact on the productivity of crop plants. In recent years, growth and yield of agricultural crop plants have been shown to increase with elevated CO₂ (EC) and have enticed considerable interest due to variation in the response of crop plants. In this study, comparative response of two mung bean cultivars (HUM‐2 and HUM‐6) was evaluated against EC at different growth stages under near‐natural conditions for two consecutive years. The plants were grown in ambient as well as EC (700 ppm) in specially designed open‐top chambers. Under elevated CO₂, marked down‐regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, membrane disruption and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were noticed in both the cultivars, but the extent of reduction was more in HUM‐6. As compared to ambient CO₂, EC increased total chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, growth and yield parameters. Cultivar‐specific response was noticed as HUM‐6 showed higher increase in yield attributes than HUM‐2. Under CO₂ treatment, soluble protein and reducing sugars decreased while total soluble sugars and starch showed an opposite trend. Principal component analysis showed that both the cultivars responded more or less similarly to EC in their respective groupings of physiological and growth parameters, but the magnitude of ROS and antioxidative enzymes was variable. The experimental findings depict that both the cultivars of mung bean showed contrasting response against EC and paved the way for selecting the suitable cultivar having higher productivity in a future high‐CO₂ environment.